Minggu, 26 April 2015

PASSIVE SENTENCES

CATUR PUTRI LUTPIANDARI
11211595
4EA18
TUGAS – TULISAN KE 2
BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2 #


PASSIVE SENTENCES

A.    DEFINITION OF PASSIVE SENTENCES
The passive sentence is the subject of his sentence subject to a job. In other words the subject of the sentence is being targeted activity expressed by the verb. In Indonesian, the main feature of the passive sentence is a sentence that begins with the verb affixes in or happened, for example : taken, exchanged, given, interested, surprised, etc.
In English, the passive sentence is characterized with using verb three in the sentence, for example : made, given, eaten, drunk, bought, carried, brought, etc.

B.     WAYS IN FORMING PASSIVE SENTENCES
To make active sentences into passive, here are some steps that need to be considered:
1.      Put the object of the active sentences at the beginning of the passive sentences. In other words, the object of the active sentences becomes the subject of the passive sentences.
2.      If the active sentences is no auxiliary verb (to be / modals), then add to be in accordance with the subject of the passive sentences and also in accordance with its tense forms.
3.      Put the main verb of the sentences after the auxiliary active (to be) in the form of the past participle.
4.      Put the preposition “by” after the main verb in the passive sentence before the subject (the subject of the active sentences). but, in some circumstances, “by” can be removed because they had understood his point without the need to be mentioned again.
5.      If the active sentences there are two objects, then both can be used as the subject of the passive sentences.
Example :
He gaves me an English grammar book.
-          An English grammar book was given to me by him.
I wa given an English grammar book by him.
She was brought us a parcel.
-          We have been brought a parcel by her.
A parcel has been brought for us by her.
            Usage Guidelines BE In Passive Sentences
1.      Simple  Present Tense             : am, is, are
2.      Present Continuous Tense       : am, is, are + being
3.      Present Perfect Tense              : have, has + been
4.      Simple Past Tense                   : was, were
5.      Past Continuous Tense            : was, were + being
6.      Past Perfect Tense                   : had + been
7.      Simple  Future Tense              : will, shall + be
8.      Future Perfect Tense               : will, shall + have been
9.      Modal                                      : modal + be
10.  Modal Perfect                         : modal + have been

C.    THE FORMULA PASSIVE SENTENCES                 
Basically, the main formula of the Passive Sentences is :
To Be + V3
The Formula Passive Sentences In 16 tenses
No
Tenses
Active Sentences
Passive Sentences
1
Simple Present Tense
S + V1 + O
S + to be (am, are, is) + V3 + by + O
2
Present Continuous Tense
S + to be (am, are, is) + V1-ing + O
S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 + by + O
3
Present Perfect Tense
S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 + by + O
S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O
4
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
S + have/has + been + V1-ing + O
S + have/has + been + being + V3 + by + O
5
Simple Past Tense
S + V2 + O
S + to be (was, were) + V3 + by + O
6
Past Continuous Tense
S + to be (was, were) + V1-ing + O
S + to be (was, were) + being + V3 + by + O
7
Past Perfect Tense
S + had + V3 + O
S + had + been + V3 + by + O
8
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
S + had + been + V1-ing + O
S + had + been + being + V3 + by + O
9
Simple Future Tense
S + will + V1 + O
S + will be + V3 + by + O
10
Future Continuous Tense
S + will + be + V1-ing + O
S + will + be + being + V3 + by + O
11
Future Perfect Tense
S + will + have + V3 + O
S + will + have + been + V3 + by + O
12
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
S + will + have + been + V1-ing + O
S + will + have + been + being + V2 + by + O
13
Simple Past Future Tense
S + would +  V1 + O
S + would + be + V3 + by + O
14
Past Future Continuous Tense
S + would + be + V1-ing + O
S + would + be + being + V3 + by + O
15
Past Future Perfect Tense
S + would + have + V3 + O
S + would + have + been + V3 + by + O
16
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
S + would + have +
been + V1-ing + O
S + would + have + been + being + V3 + by + O

D.    EXAMPLE
Ø  Active Sentences  → Passive Sentences
1.      (Active)       Many people speak English.
(Passive)       English is spoken by many people.
2.      (Active)       He is buying a novel.
(Passive)       A novel is being bought by him.
3.      (Active)       Many tourists have visited that castle.
(Passive)       That castle has been visited by many tourists.
4.      (Active)       Recently, John has been doing the work.
(Passive)       Recently, the work has been being done by John.
5.      (Active)       Sam repaired the car.
(Passive)       The car was repaired by Sam.
6.      (Active)       The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.
(Passive)      The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.
7.      (Active)       George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license.
(Passive)   Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license.
8.      (Active)       Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris.
  (Passive)       The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris.
9.      (Active)       Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM.
     (Passive)       The work will be finished by 5:00 PM.
10.  (Active)       At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes.
     (Passive)      At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John.

Ø  Passive Sentences  → Active Sentences
1.      (Passive)      The project will have been completed before the deadline.
(Active)        They will have completed the project before the deadline.
2.      (Passive)      The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
(Active)      The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.
3.      (Passive)      You would be visited by him last week.
(Active)       He would visit you last week.
4.      (Passive)       Andy’s car has been washed just now by him self.
(Active)        Andy has washed his car just now.
5.      (Passive)      The fried chicken is being cooked by my mother.
(Active)        My mother is cooking fried chicken.
6.      (Passive)       This house was purchased by me yesterday.
(Active)        I purchased this house yesterday.
7.       (Passive)      We are taught by Miss. Janet everyday.
(Active)        Miss. Janet teaches us everyday.
8.      (Passive)       Chris John is knocked down by Tyson easily.
(Active)        Tyson knocked down Chris John easily.
9.      (Passive)       You will be always loved by me.
(Active)        I will always love you.
10.  (Passive)       The bill may be paid by credit card.
      (Active)        You may pay the bill by credit card.


SUMBER :
·         Buku
Rusdiana Junaid, Rustan Santaria, dan Sri Damayanti, 2014, Fundamental English Dasar-dasar Penguasaan Bahasa Inggris, Intermedia, Malang
Ir. Fahmi Sofyan, MHum, The Best English Grammar For Toefl, Pustaka Tarbiyah Baru
·         Internet